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Ceacht
a hAon (Leathanach
a Dó)
Lesson 1 (Page
2)
An Briathar "Bí" (Aimsir Láithreach)
/
The Verb "To Be" (Present Tense)
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Tá
mé |
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I
am |
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| Tá
tú |
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You
are |
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| Tá
sé * |
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He
is / It is |
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| Tá
sí * |
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She
is / It is |
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| Tá
muid |
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We
are |
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| Tá
sibh |
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Ye
are |
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| Tá
siad |
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They
are |
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| Tá
Colm |
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Colm
is |
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Níl
mé |
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I
am not |
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| Níl
tú |
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You
are not |
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| Níl
sé * |
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He
is not / It is not |
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| Níl
sí * |
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She
is not / It is not |
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| Níl
muid |
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We
are not |
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| Níl
sibh |
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Ye
are not |
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| Níl
siad |
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They
are not |
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| Níl
Colm |
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Colm
is not |
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An
bhfuil mé? |
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Am
I? |
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| An
bhfuil tú? |
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Are
you? |
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| An
bhfuil sé? * |
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Is
he? / Is it? |
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| An
bhfuil sí? * |
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Is
she? / Is it? |
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| An
bhfuil muid? |
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Are
we? |
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| An
bhfuil sibh? |
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Are
ye? |
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| An
bhfuil siad? |
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Are
they? |
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| An
bhfuil Colm? |
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Is
Colm? |
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Nach
bhfuil mé? |
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Am
I not? |
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| Nach
bhfuil tú? |
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Are
you not? |
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| Nach
bhfuil sé? * |
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Is
he not? / Is it not? |
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| Nach
bhfuil sí? * |
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Is
she not? / Is it not? |
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| Nach
bhfuil muid? |
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Are
we not? |
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| Nach
bhfuil sibh? |
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Are
ye not? |
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| Nach
bhfuil siad? |
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Are
they not? |
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| Nach
bhfuil Colm? |
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Is
Colm not? |
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* There
is no neuter in Irish. Therefore, "sé/sí"
also means "it."
An Réamhfhocal "Ar" / The Preposition
"On"
"Ar"
(on) lenites
a following noun in certain cases, usually when a particular
person, place or thing is in question. (It does not cause
lenition in cases of state, condition, time or as part of
compound prepositions):
bád
(a boat); ar bhád (on a boat)
maidin (morning); ar maidin (in the morning)
"Ar"
plus the definite article "an" (the) causes eclipsis
to a following noun beginning with the consonants b, c, f,
g, and p. (The letters d, l, m, n, r, s, and t are not eclipsed):
bord
(table); ar an mbord (on the table)
teach (house); ar an teach (on the house)
Basic
meanings: (a) "on"; (b) "to wear, have on";
(c) "emotional or physical state."
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(a)
Tá cupán ar an mbord. |
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There
is a cup on the table. |
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Tá cóta orm. |
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I
am wearing a coat. |
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Tá ocras orm. |
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I
am hungry. |
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Forainmneacha
Réamhfhoclacha / Prepositional Pronouns |
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orm
ort
air
uirthi
orainn
oraibh
orthub (standard: orthu)
ar Cholm |
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on
me
on you
on him / on it
on her / on it
on us
on ye
on them
on Colm |
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Foclóir / Vocabulary ("F"
signifies a feminine noun)
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an
(plural: na)
*
an bhean (F)
na mná (F)
an fear
na fir
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the
the woman
the women
the man
the men
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agus
ach
an lá
maidin (F)
oíche (F)
tráthnóna
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and
but / however
the day
morning
night
evening (afternoon)
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aimsir
(F)
tirim
fliuch
gaofar
grianmhar
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weather
dry
wet
windy
sunny
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tuirseach
brón
tinn
tinneas cinn
ocras
tart
aiféala
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tired
sorrow
sick
headache
hunger
thirst
regret
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sásta
mór
beag
sean
óg
féin **
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sastisfied
/ content
big
small
old
young
self
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teach
seomra
bord
doras
balla
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house
room
table
doras
wall
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scoil
(F)
múinteoir
bád
anseo
ansin
ann ***
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school
teacher
boat
here
there
there
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am
anois
aríst
eile
nó
mar sin
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time
now
again
other / another
or
so / therefore
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* The definite article "an" (the)
lenites
a following feminine noun (e.g., an bhean, the woman). There
is no indefinite article (i.e., "a") in Irish. "A
woman" is simply expressed as "bean" (e.g.,
Tá bean ann, There is a woman.)
**
mé féin (myself), tú féin (yourself).
Variants: héin, péin.
***
When a sentance using the verb "bí" does
not contain an adjective (Tá mé sásta
- I am satisfied.) or an adverbial phrase (Tá sé
anseo - He is here.), "ann" is used: Tá doras
ann. (There is a door / A door exists.)
About
eight adjectives take the unstressed particle "go";
if the adjective begins with a vowel, "h" is prefixed:
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Tá
sé go maith.
Tá sé go breá.
Tá sé go deas.
Tá sé go dona.
Tá sé go haoibhinn.
Tá sé go híontach.
Tá sé go hálainn.
Tá sé go holc.
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It
is good/well.
It is fine.
It is nice.
It is bad.
It is pleasant.
It is wonderful.
It is beautiful.
It is wicked (evil).
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Note that when these adjectives directly modify
a noun, "go" is not used:
Tá
an múinteoir go maith. (The teacher is good.)
Tá múinteoir maith ann. (There
is a good teacher.)
Finally, "go" is also used to turn
an adjective into an adverb:
mall
(slow); Abair go mall é. (Say it slowly.)
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leathanach a haon / page 1
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leathanach
a trí / page 3
>>
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